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一 lighttpd 简介 Lighttpd 是一个德国人领导的开源Web服务器软件，其根本的目的是提供一个专门针对高性能网站，安全、快速、兼容性好并且灵活的web server环境。具有非常低的内存开销，cpu占用率低，效能好，以及丰富的模块等特点。二 下载lighttpd,并编译安装lighttpd wget http://lighttpd-improved.googlecode.com/files/lighttpd-1.4.26.modcache.v.1.8.3-2.tar.gz #tar xf lighttpd-1.4.26.modcache.v.1.8.3-2.tar.gz #cd lighttpd-1.4.26 # ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/lighttpd --with-zlib --with-bzip2 --with-memcache #make && make install #cd doc #cp rc.lighttpd.redhat /etc/init.d/lighttpd #cp sysconfig.lighttpd /etc/sysconfig/lighttpd #vim /etc/sysconfig/lighttpd 修改如下 LIGHTTPD_CONF_PATH=/usr/local/lighttpd/conf/lighttpd.conf # #chmod 700 /etc/init.d/lighttpd #vim 修改如下选项 config: /usr/local/lighttpd/conf/lighttpd.conf config: /etc/sysconfig/lighttpd pidfile: /var/run/lighttpd.pid LIGHTTPD_CONF_PATH="/usr/local/lighttpd/conf/lighttpd.conf" lighttpd="/usr/local/lighttpd/sbin/lighttpd" #mkdir /usr/local/lighttpd/{cache,logs,conf,htdocs} #cp lighttpd.conf /usr/local/lighttpd/conf三 配置详解 #cd /usr/local/lighttpd/conf # cat lighttpd.conf # lighttpd configuration file # # use it as a base for lighttpd 1.0.0 and above # # $Id: lighttpd.conf,v 1.7 2004/11/03 22:26:05 weigon Exp $ ############ Options you really have to take care of #################### ## modules to load # at least mod_access and mod_accesslog should be loaded # all other module should only be loaded if really neccesary # - saves some time # - saves memory #lighttpd 加载的模块 server.modules = ( "mod_rewrite", "mod_redirect", "mod_access", "mod_expire", "mod_mem_compress", "mod_compress", "mod_mem_cache", "mod_cache", "mod_dirlisting", "mod_status",, "mod_fastcgi", "mod_proxy", "mod_usertrack", "mod_accesslog" ) ## a static document-root, for virtual-hosting take look at the ## server.virtual-* options server.document-root = "/usr/local/lighttpd/htdocs/" ## where to send error-messages to server.errorlog = "/usr/local/lighttpd/logs/error.log" # files to check for if .../ is requested index-file.names = ( "index.php", "index.html", "index.htm", "default.htm" ) ## set the event-handler (read the performance section in the manual) # server.event-handler = "freebsd-kqueue" # needed on OS X # mimetype mapping mimetype.assign = ( ".pdf" => "application/pdf", # ".sig" => "application/pgp-signature", # ".spl" => "application/futuresplash", # ".class" => "application/octet-stream", # ".ps" => "application/postscript", # ".torrent" => "application/x-bittorrent", # ".dvi" => "application/x-dvi", # ".gz" => "application/x-gzip", # ".pac" => "application/x-ns-proxy-autoconfig", ".swf" => "application/x-shockwave-flash", # ".tar.gz" => "application/x-tgz", # ".tgz" => "application/x-tgz", # ".tar" => "application/x-tar", # ".zip" => "application/zip", # ".mp3" => "audio/mpeg", # ".m3u" => "audio/x-mpegurl", # ".wma" => "audio/x-ms-wma", # ".wax" => "audio/x-ms-wax", # ".ogg" => "application/ogg", # ".wav" => "audio/x-wav", ".gif" => "image/gif", # ".jar" => "application/x-java-archive", ".jpg" => "image/jpeg", ".jpeg" => "image/jpeg", ".png" => "image/png", # ".xbm" => "image/x-xbitmap", # ".xpm" => "image/x-xpixmap", # ".xwd" => "image/x-xwindowdump", ".css" => "text/css", ".html" => "text/html", ".htm" => "text/html", ".js" => "text/javascript", # ".asc" => "text/plain", # ".c" => "text/plain", # ".cpp" => "text/plain", # ".log" => "text/plain", # ".conf" => "text/plain", # ".text" => "text/plain", # ".txt" => "text/plain", # ".dtd" => "text/xml", ".xml" => "text/xml", # ".mpeg" => "video/mpeg", # ".mpg" => "video/mpeg", # ".mov" => "video/quicktime", # ".qt" => "video/quicktime", # ".avi" => "video/x-msvideo", # ".asf" => "video/x-ms-asf", # ".asx" => "video/x-ms-asf", # ".wmv" => "video/x-ms-wmv", # ".bz2" => "application/x-bzip", # ".tbz" => "application/x-bzip-compressed-tar", # ".tar.bz2" => "application/x-bzip-compressed-tar", # default mime type # "" => "application/octet-stream", ) # Use the "Content-Type" extended attribute to obtain mime type if possible #mimetype.use-xattr = "enable" ## send a different Server: header ## be nice and keep it at lighttpd # server.tag = "lighttpd" #### accesslog module #accesslog.filename = "/usr/local/lighttpd/log/access.log" #设置日志切割，当然需要安装cronlog 工具 accesslog.filename = "|/usr/local/cronolog/sbin/cronolog /usr/local/lighttpd/logs/%w/access.log" ## deny access the file-extensions # # ~ is for backupfiles from vi, emacs, joe, ... # .inc is often used for code includes which should in general not be part # of the document-root url.access-deny = ( "~", ".inc" ) $HTTP["url"] =~ "\.pdf$" { server.range-requests = "disable" } ## # which extensions should not be handle via static-file transfer # # .php, .pl, .fcgi are most often handled by mod_fastcgi or mod_cgi static-file.exclude-extensions = ( ".php", ".pl", ".fcgi" ) ######### Options that are good to be but not neccesary to be changed ####### ## bind to port (default: 80) #server.port = 81 ## bind to localhost (default: all interfaces) #server.bind = "127.0.0.1" ## virtual directory listings 关闭目录浏览 dir-listing.activate = "disable" #或者 server.dir-listing = "disable" ## select encoding for directory listings 设置字符编码 dir-listing.encoding = "utf-8" #### compress module 压缩模块的设置 #压缩cache 存储路径 compress.cache-dir = "/usr/local/lighttpd/cache/" #压缩 文件类型 compress.filetype = ("text/html;charset=utf-8","text/plain;charset=utf-8","text/css", "text/javascript", "text/xml","application/x-java-archive") #### status module 设置查看lighttpd 状态 #设置允许查看lighttpd 状态的主机 $HTTP["remoteip"] == "192.168.1.0/24" { status.status-url = "/server-status" status.config-url = "/server-config" status.statistics-url = "/cache-status" } #### expire module #expire.url = ( "/buggy/" => "access 2 hours", "/asdhas/" => "access plus 1 seconds 2 minutes") #设置文件类型，在浏览器中缓存的时间 $HTTP["url"] =~ "\.(jpg|gif|bmp|jpeg)$" { expire.url = ( "" => "access 5 minutes") } $HTTP["url"] =~ "\.(html|htm|shtml)$" { expire.url = ( "" => "access 5 minutes") } $HTTP["url"] =~ "\.(png)$" { expire.url = ( "" => "access 5 minutes") } $HTTP["url"] =~ "\.(css|js|xml)$" { expire.url = ( "" => "access 5 minutes") } $HTTP["url"] =~ "\.(ico)$" { expire.url = ( "" => "access 262800 minutes") } #memcache for static web page server 设置 开启cache cache.support-queries = "enable" #ignore '?' in url cache.dynamic-mode = "enable" #设置cache 存储的路径 cache.bases = ("/usr/local/lighttpd/cache") #write cached files in /usr/local/lighttpd/cache directory #设置不同的文件类型的cache 刷新的时间 cache.refresh-pattern = ( # "\.(?i)(flv)$" => "0 fetchall-for-range-request flv-streaming", # to work with mod_flv_streaming for flv files "\.(?i)(js|css|xml)$" => "10080", # update js/css/xml every 1 week and on refresh requests "\.(?i)(htm|html|shtml)$" => "5", # update html/htm/shtml every 5 minutes and on refresh requests "\.(?i)(jpg|bmp|jpeg|gif|png)$" => "10080", # update graphics files every 1 week # "\.(?i)(png)$" => "5", #update png every 5 minutes and on refresh requests "\.(?i)(ico)$" => "262800", #update ico every 6 months and on refresh requests # "\.(?i)(rar|zip|wmv|avi|mp3|ape|rm|mpeg|mpg|wma|asf|rmvb|flv)$" => "0 fetchall-for-range-request", # cache media file forever # "." => "30 update-on-refresh" # default to update every 30 minutes and on refresh requests) #purge cache 设置允许清除cache 的主机 cache.purge-host = "192.168.1.0/24" #it's important to enable proxy.worked-with-mod-cache or mod_proxy will not cooperate with modcache #enable or disable mod_mem_cache 设置 开启基于mod_mem_cache 模块 mem-cache.enable = "enable" #content-type arrays which want to put into memory 设置允许在mem_cache 存储的类型 mem-cache.filetypes = ("application/x-javascript","image/gif","image/jpg","image/jpeg","image/png","text/css","text/html","text/javascript","text/plain") #maxium memory in Mbytes mod_mem_cache can use 设置mem-cache 允许使用的最大内存 mem-cache.max-memory = "1024" #maxium file size in Kbytes of single file to cache in memory 设置在内存中存储的最大文件大小 mem-cache.max-file-size = "1024" #number of cached memory items to remove when used memory reached maxmemory by LRU algorthim #设置当使用的内存达到最大值时，通过LRU 算法删除的内存cache 的大小 mem-cache.lru-remove-count = "500" #memory cache`s expire time in minutes.Default: 0 (means to check file update for every request) 设置memory cache 的过期时间 mem-cache.expire-time = "1440" #adjusts slru threshold (against hit counter) mem-cache.slru-thresold = "0" #stat() 这样的系统调用，开销也是相当明显的。缓存能够节约时间和环境切换次数(context switches)，此项有三个选项：fam、simple(缓存1秒内的stat())和disabled。一般我们较多使用前两项 server.stat-cache-engine = "simple" #usertrack.cookie-domain #usertrack.cookie-domain = ".example.com" #sets the maximum duration in seconds of the cookie.if not specified it will not add a 'max-age' to the cookie,meaning it will not expire#usertrack.cookie-max-age = "60" #this option allows the setting of the name of the cookie.the default is 'TRACKID'.currently it only allow a-z #usertrack.cookie-name = "trackid" # set lighttpd open file num 设置允许的最大文件描述符个数。lighttpd是单线程的服务器，其最大的资源限制就是文件描述符的数量，默认为1024。对于高负荷的站点，需要增加该值，对于较为繁忙的服务器设置为2048较好。修改该设置需要root权限。 server.max-fds = "65535" #设置lighttpd 最大连接数 #Provides fine tuning for request handling.max-connections == max-fds/2 (maybe /3).As in, if you want to support 2048 concurrent connections, you may also want to set server.max-fds = 4096 (or 6144).Why more file handles than connections? The other file handles are used for fastcgi and/or files. server.max-connections = "32767" #http Keep-Alive 一般来说，一个系统能够打开的文件个数是有限制的(文件描述符限制)。常连接占用文件描述符，对非并发的访问没有什么意义默认情况下lighttpd 做多可以同时承受30 s的长连接，每个连接最多请求128 个文件 #server.max-keep-alive-requests = 128 #server.max-keep-alive-idle =30 #the maximum of keep alive requests enable or disable server.max-keep-alive-requests = "1000" #"0" represent disable #sets the linux system support for transaction processing,Lighttpd #大量使用了 sendfile() 这样一个高效的系统调用。减少了从应用程序到网卡间的距离。(同时也减少了Lighttpd对cpu的占用，这部分占用转嫁到内核身上了) server.event-handler = "linux-sysepoll" #such a highly active system call which a lot of sendfile() used by lighttpd,reduce the distance from application to ethernet server.network-backend = "linux-sendfile" #禁止etags 功能 static-file.etags = "disable" #配置lighttpd 多进程，一般和CPU 个数相同 server.max-worker=4 注： 官方lighttpd 优化方案:http://redmine.lighttpd.net/projects/lighttpd/wiki/Docs_Performance http://www.unixvip.com/app/lighttpd/616.html本文出自 “Frank” 博客，请务必保留此出处http://freehat.blog.51cto.com/1239536/989171